Optimal Water Allocation from Subsurface Dams: A Risk-Based Optimization Approach

Azizallah Izady (), Mohammad Sadegh Khorshidi, Mohammad Reza Nikoo, Ali Al-Maktoumi, Mingjie Chen, Hilal Al-Mamari and Amir H. Gandomi
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Azizallah Izady: Sultan Qaboos University
Mohammad Sadegh Khorshidi: Sultan Qaboos University
Mohammad Reza Nikoo: Sultan Qaboos University
Ali Al-Maktoumi: Sultan Qaboos University
Mingjie Chen: Sultan Qaboos University
Hilal Al-Mamari: Sultan Qaboos University
Amir H. Gandomi: University of Technology Sydney

Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), 2021, vol. 35, issue 12, No 20, 4275-4290

Abstract: Abstract Subsurface dams, strongly advocated in the 1992 United Nations Agenda-21, have been widely studied to increase groundwater storage capacity. However, an optimal allocation of augmented water with the construction of the subsurface dams to compensate for the water shortage during dry periods has not so far been investigated. This study, therefore, presents a risk-based simulation–optimization framework to determine optimal water allocation with subsurface dams, which minimizes the risk of water shortage in different climatic conditions. The developed framework was evaluated in Al-Aswad falaj, an ancient water supply system in which a gently sloping underground channel was dug to convey water from an aquifer via the gravity force to the surface for irrigation of downstream agricultural zones. The groundwater dynamics were modeled using MODFLOW UnStructured-Grid. The data of boreholes were used to generate a three-dimensional stratigraphic model, which was used to define materials and elevations of five-layer grid cells. The validated groundwater model was employed to assess the effects of the subsurface dam on the discharge of the falaj. A Conditional Value-at-Risk optimization model was also developed to minimize the risk of water shortage for the augmented discharge on downstream agricultural zones. Results show that discharge of the falaj is significantly augmented with a long-term average increase of 46.51%. Moreover, it was found that the developed framework decreases the water shortage percentage in 5% of the worst cases from 87%, 75%, and 32% to 53%, 32%, and 0% under the current and augmented discharge in dry, normal, and wet periods, respectively.

Keywords: Subsurface dam; Water allocation; Conditional value-at-risk; Optimization; MODFLOW; Falaj (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1007/s11269-021-02946-9

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