Energy use in large-scale irrigated agriculture in the Punjab province of Pakistan

Afreen Siddiqi and James L. Wescoat

Water International, 2013, vol. 38, issue 5, 571-586

Abstract: Pakistan's Indus Basin irrigation system, conceived initially as a vast network of gravity-fed canals, has evolved into a quasi-conjunctive management system in which pumped groundwater increasingly augments surface water supplies. Analysis of the evolution of on-farm energy use for agriculture in Punjab Province over the last 15 years finds that while total crop production increased 31%, direct energy intensity for agriculture increased 80%. Moreover, direct energy use is chiefly driven by groundwater pumping (61%). Important knowledge gaps are identified in the critical water-energy-food interdependencies that need to be addressed for sustainable management of scarce natural resources in Pakistan.

Date: 2013
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DOI: 10.1080/02508060.2013.828671

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