Wage Traps as a Cause of Illiteracy, Child Labor, and Extreme Poverty

Dennis Gärtner () and Manfred Gärtner ()

University of St. Gallen Department of Economics working paper series 2008 from Department of Economics, University of St. Gallen

Abstract: When labor incomes approach subsistence levels, the labor supply curve slopes outward, because the fight for survival mandates households to look for longer work hours in response to falling wage rates. We explore conditions under which near-subsistence scenarios may imply wage traps, labor market failures that can be the cause of undernourishment, illiteracy, and child labor. After stating general conditions under which wage traps occur, we look at specific production functions typically employed in quantitative analyses of growth and development. We find that standard Cobb-Douglas production functions do not permit wage traps, whereas CES functions do. Beyond that it turns out that when subsistence requirements increase with work hours, and when work effort rises with the wage rate, up to the efficiency-wage threshold, wage traps become more likely. Measures such as bans on child labor, implementation of minimum wage laws, or the establishment of labor unions may quite effectively improve conditions in wage-trapped labor markets.

Keywords: Subsistence income; labor supply; poverty; child labor; wage trap; market failure; development; growth (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J2 J4 O11 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 23 pages
Date: 2008-01
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-lab
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Journal Article: Wage traps as a cause of illiteracy, child labor, and extreme poverty (2011)
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