Tracking Global Social Protection Responses to Inflation - Living paper v. 4

Ugo Gentilini, Mohamed Bubaker Alsafi Almenfi, Hrishikesh Tirumala Madabushi Matam I, Giorgia Valleriani, Yuko Okamura, Emilio Raul Urteaga and Sheraz Aziz

No 178842, Social Protection Discussion Papers and Notes from The World Bank

Abstract: Between September and December 2022, the number of social protection and other related measuresannounced or implemented in response to inflation rose by about 67%. The latest tally includes 1,016 responses across170 economies. Overall, subsidies claim 34% of such measures and take four main forms (fuel, food, fertilizers, andvarious fee subsidies). Social assistance accounts for 29% of responses, 78% of which is provided in the form of cashtransfers. Tax and trade-related measures represent 21% and 6% of global responses, respectively. Active labor marketpolicies and social insurance claim a share of 5% each. Based on coverage data from 93 countries, social protectionprograms cover or are planning to cover 1.05 billion people (or about 13.5% of the world’s population). Similarly, basedon expenditure data from 382 programs across 125 economies, a total of $710.6 billion is being invested in socialprotection responses. This involves an average country spending of 0.74% of its GDP. The average size of bothsocial assistance and subsidy transfers represents about a quarter of the daily median income, while their averageduration is 4.7 months. Over half of social assistance transfers are new (53%) and are provided on a one-off basis( 51%).

Date: 2022-12-22
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