AI governance and algorithmic auditing in financial institutions: Lessons from Singapore

Nydia Remolina
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Nydia Remolina: Yong Pung How School of Law, Singapore

Journal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions, 2025, vol. 18, issue 3, 261-275

Abstract: This paper examines the role of algorithmic auditing as a mechanism for responsible AI development and deployment in the financial sector, with a particular focus on Singapore’s regulatory and institutional initiatives. Against the backdrop of fragmented global artificial intelligence (AI) governance frameworks, the study analyses how Singapore has developed operational tools — such as the Veritas Toolkit, AI Verify, Project Moonshot and Project Mindforge — that go beyond abstract ethical principles to provide measurable, use-case-specific standards for auditing AI systems. These initiatives contribute to standardising audit practices, enhancing transparency and bridging trust gaps between financial institutions, regulators and stakeholders. The paper finds that Singapore’s model is notable for its regulator-led, collaborative approach and its focus on sectoral applicability, particularly in high-risk areas such as credit scoring and fraud detection. It also identifies key limitations: the voluntary nature of these frameworks, the challenges of replicability in larger or more fragmented jurisdictions and the lack of universally accepted standards for algorithmic auditing. Moreover, the study highlights the need to broaden auditing efforts to include organisational and human factors, recognising that the use and interpretation of AI outputs are equally critical in managing risk. Ultimately, the paper offers insights into how Singapore’s experience can inform the development of scalable, enforceable and effective algorithmic auditing frameworks in global financial services. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.

Keywords: AI audits; artificial intelligence; FinTech; financial regulation; AI governance (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: E5 G2 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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