The Impact of Climate Change on Actual Output in Some Selected Countries in Africa: A Specific Focus on Greenhouse Gas Emission

Richard Umeokwobi, John Owusu-Afriye and John Abu
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Richard Umeokwobi: Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
John Owusu-Afriye: Research and Macroeconomic Management Department, West African Institute of Financial and Economic Management, Lagos, Nigeria
John Abu: Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria

Climate Economics and Finance, 2025, vol. 3, issue 1, 24-33

Abstract: This study seeks to investigate how climate change affects actual output in African countries, using greenhouse gas emission as a case study. This paper uses the actual output of Nigeria, Ghana, Liberia, The Gambia, Cabo Verde, and Sierra Leone for the analysis. Climate change is proxied by greenhouse gas emission, which are extracted from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) database, for the period, 1980 to 2022. Descriptive statistics, unit root, and panel System Generalized Method of Moments 1(SGMM1) are estimated, and the result shows that agricultural greenhouse gas emission reduces the output of the selected African Countries, while other greenhouse gases such as building and other sector’s greenhouse gas emission, energy industries greenhouse gas emissions, mineral industry greenhouse gas emission and road transport greenhouse gas emission increase output. For actual output to increase, the paper suggests policy remedies such as sustainable farming practices and adoption of climate-smart technologies.

Keywords: Climate change; Actual output; Greenhouse Gas; SGMM; Africa (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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