Effect of Government Funding to Secondary Schools on Gender Parity in Kenya

Jackline Kavoki, Dr. Evans Kiganda PhD and Destaings Nyongesa
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Jackline Kavoki: School Of Business And Economics, Maseno University, Kenya
Dr. Evans Kiganda PhD: School Of Business And Economics, Kaimosi Friends University, Kenya

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2023, vol. 7, issue 10, 2320-2332

Abstract: Education is seen as a key driver to any economy because of its ability to develop human capital which is essential to the growth of any economy. In order to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDG’S), the government of Kenya has to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promotion of learning outcomes for all. Attaining gender parity measured by gender parity index (GPI) of 1 in enrolment is vital for realizing gender equality in education. Education for all (EFA) goal 5 advocates for eradicating gender disparities in both primary and secondary education. Most of the studies done on the effect of public education expenditure on education outcomes used primary school enrolment, secondary school enrolment, adult literacy rate and secondary school transition rate as measures for education outcomes as opposed to gender parity. The studies also used total expenditure on education as opposed to the expenditure at various levels of education. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the effect of government funding to secondary schools on gender parity in Kenya. The study was anchored on the human capital theory and on the Musgrave and Rostow’s public expenditure theory. The study used a correlational research design based on annual time series data spanning 50 years from 1972-2021 obtained from the world development indicators. The study employed the Johansen Co-integration test to establish the long run relationship between the variables, the Vector Error Correction Mechanism to integrate long run and short run dynamics and Granger causality for directional causality. The study revealed unidirectional causality from public expenditure on secondary education to gender parity. The normalized co-integrating coefficients of 8.94 implied that a one percent increase in public expenditure on secondary education increased gender parity by 8.94% in the long run. In view of this, the study is significant to academia by adding to the existing body of knowledge and useful to the government in coming up with policies that will help increase the gender parity to 1.

Date: 2023
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