Multilevel Analysis of Student and School Variables Responsible for the Differentials in Mathematics Achievement: Evidence from the TIMMS 2015-Botswana

Jane Iloanya, Emmanuel Zhanda and Asitha Kodippili
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Jane Iloanya: Associate Professor, Department of Education, Botho University, Gaborone, Botswana
Emmanuel Zhanda: Fellow, Faculty of Business and Accounting, Botho University, Maseru, Lesotho
Asitha Kodippili: Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Fayetteville State University (FSU), North Carolina, USA

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2023, vol. 7, issue 7, 1150-1163

Abstract: Mathematics literacy is essential for all further learning and future careers of students, therefore, the poor performance of Botswana Junior Certificate learners in Mathematics is very concerning. This study adopted an exploratory research design which utilized the TIMSS 2015 data to analyse student and school variables responsible for the differentials in mathematics achievement. TIMSS represents Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study. The socio-economic status of students’ parents, location of schools, and students’ gender in Botswana Junior Certificate students’ mathematics achievement were explored through the Multilevel (Hierarchical) Linear Model (HLM) to predict the mathematics achievement of the students. The data used for this study was derived from that of the tenth grade Botswana students; a total of 5964 (female = 3030, male = 2934) Botswana tenth graders from 159 schools who participated in TIMMS 2015.Based on the findings of the study, recommendations were made on some interventions to help improve students’ self-efficacy and confidence in mathematics.

Date: 2023
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