Food Security Situation in Ghana and a Comparative Analysis with Neighboring Countries

Benjamin Debrah
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Benjamin Debrah: Department of Agricultural Economics, Market and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade Nemnjina 6, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2024, vol. 8, issue 7, 1740-1755

Abstract: The Global Food Security Index (GFSI) conducted yearly by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), provides a common framework for understanding the root causes of food insecurity by looking at the dynamics of food systems around the world. In order to measure level of food security, various indicators have been defined. The Global Food Security Index (GFSI) is an indicator that measures the level of food security of individual countries and allows comparison between them. The aim of this seminar paper is to analyze the state of food security and its individual dimensions in Ghana and a comparative analysis with selected neighboring countries (Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Togo and Nigeria) in the Global Food Security Index (GFSI) 2012 – 2021 with the key focus on the 2021 GFSI. The current GFSI data for 2021 revealed that Ghana was best ranked among the selected neighboring countries at the 82nd position, while Nigeria was the worst ranked at the 97th position (out of 113 countries). Also, Ghana took the 4th position within the Sub-Saharan African countries and 2nd position within the West African sub-region. In addition, a comparative analysis on the overall ranking of Ghana and neighboring countries according to GFSI for the past decade (2012 – 2021) gives an obvious indication that Ghana had been leading the neighboring countries in terms of food security since the inception of the GFSI. Meanwhile, it can be concluded that there is the need for food security improvement in Ghana despite its leading role within the West African sub-region. The following were observed as weaknesses in ensuring food security in Ghana: lack of water and lack of adequate policies to ensure food security and political commitment to adaptation, followed by significant food loss, and undiversified diet. It is recommended that the government of Ghana will adequately resource the various institutions responsible for food security issues such as the Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA) and National Food Buffer Stock Company (NAFCO) in order to ensure a sustainable food secured country.

Date: 2024
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