Accountability in Islamic Scripture: Foundations for a Good Governance Framework in Fiqh Watan

Arieff Salleh Rosman, Akmaliza Abdullah, Fakhrul Irfan bin Ishak, Azhar bin Jaafar@Ramli and Ahmad Luqman Zulkefli
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Arieff Salleh Rosman: Islamic Civilization Academy, Faculty of Social Science & Humanities, University
Akmaliza Abdullah: Islamic Civilization Academy, Faculty of Social Science & Humanities, University
Fakhrul Irfan bin Ishak: Islamic Civilization Academy, Faculty of Social Science & Humanities, University
Azhar bin Jaafar@Ramli: International Institute for Islamic Civilization (III-C), UCYP University
Ahmad Luqman Zulkefli: Institut Ilmu Darul Makmur Sdn Bhd, Majlis Ugama Islam dan Adat Resam Melayu Pahang (IIDM-MUIP)

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025, vol. 9, issue 14, 3070-3083

Abstract: Accountability occupies a central axis in Islamic scripture, shaping a moral cosmos where power, responsibility, and answerability converge under the gaze of divine justice. This article investigates how fiqh watan-the jurisprudence of nationhood rooted in the Islamic intellectual tradition-can derive a coherent good governance framework from Qur'anic principles and Prophetic teachings on accountability. Through a textual-hermeneutic analysis of key scriptural sources, supported by classical commentaries from the Sunni scholastic tradition, the study distils core governance values such as transparency (kashf al-ḥaqÄ«qah), public trust (amÄ nah), justice (Ê¿adÄ lah), and institutional responsibility (mas'Å«liyyah jamÄ Ê¿iyyah). The article further maps these scriptural foundations onto contemporary governance challenges in Muslim-majority nation-states, arguing that Islamic accountability is not merely punitive but constructively developmental-designed to cultivate ethical leadership, socially responsive institutions, and citizen-centric policy ecosystems. The findings demonstrate that an integrated framework of good governance in fiqh watan emerges when scriptural principles are interpreted through maqÄ á¹£id-oriented lenses, offering a normative yet practical model for strengthening legitimacy, preventing administrative harm, and anchoring public authority in a higher moral order. This study contributes to modern Islamic governance discourse by articulating accountability as both a theological imperative and a structural mechanism necessary for sustainable, just, and people-affirming nation-building.

Date: 2025
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