Urbanization as a Driver of Demographic Transition: Insights from Europe and South Asia

Ali Ashar Anjum
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Ali Ashar Anjum: Sapienza University of Rome, Italy

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025, vol. 9, issue 3, 5051-5060

Abstract: This work examines the relationship between urbanization, urban-density and fertility across both levels of urbanization and among urban agglomerations, drawing comparisons between dense urban centers in France, Spain, and Italy and those in India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. First, the research shows how this aspect of human management interacts with fertility (correlation); and second, it goes one step further to quantify this relationship through linear regression analysis. Then, a city-wise comparison on the scale of urbanization ratios to the density of individuals across nations obtains deeper insights. This study is based on existing secondary data collected from reliable sources, including the United Nations, World Bank, Our World in Data. The study identifies urbanization as a key driver of demographic transition, providing policy-relevant knowledge for sustainable urban planning.

Date: 2025
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