Assessment of National Capacities for Health Emergency Preparedness and Response: Current Challenges and Strategic Opportunities for Strengthening

Wankpaouyare Gmakouba, Kossi Tarkpessi and Pitabinawè Deabalo
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Wankpaouyare Gmakouba: Department of Public Health, Bircham International University, Madrid, Spain Research and Planning Department, Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene, Lomé, Togo
Kossi Tarkpessi: Department of Public Health, Bircham International University, Madrid, Spain
Pitabinawè Deabalo: Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Professions, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025, vol. 9, issue 6, 5173-5199

Abstract: In the wake of recent epidemics and public health emergencies that have impacted Togo including cholera, COVID-19, and Lassa fever numerous systemic weaknesses have been revealed within the national health system. These crises have underscored the urgent need to build health system resilience and strengthen the country’s capacity to anticipate, detect, and respond effectively to such threats. This study adopts the WHO Health System Framework and the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005) as guiding models to assess preparedness and response capacities. The WHO framework emphasizes six building blocks governance, service delivery, health workforce, information, medical products and technologies, and health financing while the IHR outlines twelve core capacities essential for health security. These frameworks provide a structured lens for analyzing system-level performance and identifying areas for improvement.

Date: 2025
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