Assessment of the Proximate and Heavy Metals Composition of Some Street-Vended Foods Sold in Ado/Iworoko Ekiti, and their Health Implications

A. J Adesina, S.s Asaolu and S.O. Adefemi
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A. J Adesina: Chemistry Department, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, PMB 5363, Nigeria
S.s Asaolu: Chemistry Department, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, PMB 5363, Nigeria
S.O. Adefemi: Chemistry Department, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, PMB 5363, Nigeria

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, 2025, vol. 10, issue 4, 367-377

Abstract: Street foods are very popular among general population due to its price affordability and convenience. This reasonable price turns out to be the main reason for most of low-income family in hunting everyday meals. This study is designed to assess the basic nutritional composition, levels of heavy metals and health risks associated with their consumption. Five common street-vended foods (Dokua, Fried plantain, Roasted maize, Moimoi, Roasted plantain) consumed in Ado and Iworoko-Ekiti, of Ekiti State, Nigeria were examined using standard analytical techniques. The results showed that the samples, in terms of proximate composition (%), had values ranged as follows: crude fat (1.56 - 10.4), crude protein (7.20- 12.6), ash content (1.93 – 4.71), fibre (1.35 – 12.4), moisture (2.99 – 14.1), CHO (60.3 – 77.8), proportion of energy due to fat (PEF) (4.20 – 24.2), due to protein (PEP) (8.66 – 13.1), due to carbohydrate (62.7 – 88.1), Utilizable energy due to protein (UEDP) (5.20 – 7.86), gross energy (kJ/100g)(1412 - 1635). Concentrations (mg/kg) of heavy metals: Co, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr all ranged between 0.00015 – 0.255), Zn, Mn (1.48 – 6.12). Generally for all the heavy metals analyzed, estimated daily intakes (EDI and EDI/Df) were far below the maximum tolerable daily intakes and Target hazard quotient (THQ) and Hazard Index (HI) were all lower than 1.0 across all the selected street-vended food for both adults and children set by FAO, WHO and USEPA. However, the calculated Target cancer risks (TCR) values for both adults and children categories indicated low to moderately high carcinogenic risks. Statistical analysis (correlation) indicated that there exists significant difference between the results for the analyzed street vended foods in terms of nutritional and heavy metals composition.

Date: 2025
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