The Study of Co-Crystallization of Trinitrophenol (TNP) and Ammonium Nitrate (AN) As a Potential Method for Enhanced Stability

Y. M Mohammed, Ao. Aliyu, J. M. Nwaedozie and F. E. Awe
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Y. M Mohammed: Department of chemistry, Nigeria Defence academy post graduate school Kaduna state, Nigeria
Ao. Aliyu: Department of chemistry, Nigeria Defence academy post graduate school Kaduna state, Nigeria
J. M. Nwaedozie: Department of chemistry, Nigeria Defence academy post graduate school Kaduna state, Nigeria
F. E. Awe: Department of Armament Engineering, Airforce Institute of technology Kaduna, Nigeria

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, 2025, vol. 10, issue 5, 370-377

Abstract: This study explores the co-crystallization of trinitrophenol (TNP) and ammonium nitrate (AN) using a slow solvent evaporation method at a 1:1 molar ratio. The co-crystal formation and its potential for improved explosive stability were investigated. Characterization techniques including Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were employed. FTIR analysis revealed new peaks corresponding to functional group interactions between TNP and AN, indicating co-crystal formation. XRD confirmed the presence of new diffraction peaks not observed in the individual components, further supporting co-crystallization. DSC analysis demonstrated a significant shift in thermal behaviour compared to TNP and AN. The co-crystal exhibited a glass transition, melting point, and decomposition temperature distinct from the single components. These observations suggest interactions between TNP’s -OH groups and Ammonium NH4+ ions, leading to the formation of a more stable ammonium picrate co-crystal. The altered thermal profile indicates a potential improvement in the co-crystal’s stability compared to the individual explosives.

Date: 2025
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