Climate Migration and Urban Vulnerability: Livelihood and Health Implications in Dhaka's Slum Settlements

Shahana Afrose Chowdhury

Growth and Change, 2026, vol. 57, issue 2

Abstract: Bangladesh is among the countries most vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change. Rising temperatures, erratic rainfall patterns, and intensified floods and cyclones have disrupted agricultural production, degraded land, and undermined rural livelihoods, compelling large‐scale displacement. Many climate‐displaced individuals migrate to Dhaka in search of livelihood opportunities, often settling in overcrowded and poorly serviced slum areas. These informal settlements, characterized by inadequate housing, limited access to clean water, sanitation, and healthcare, exacerbate the vulnerabilities of displaced populations. The absence of resilient urban infrastructure and effective governance mechanisms further intensifies livelihood insecurity, health risks, and social instability. Women, children, the elderly, and persons with disabilities face heightened exposure to disease, malnutrition, and physical or gender‐based violence. This paper explores how climate‐induced displacement shapes livelihood adaptation and health outcomes among slum dwellers in Dhaka. Drawing on evidence from selected informal settlements, it examines the interlinkages between climate vulnerability, livelihood choices, and access to essential services such as water, sanitation, and healthcare. Findings reveal that while displaced households exhibit adaptive capacity through informal employment and community networks, the lack of institutional support limits their resilience to future climate shocks. The study highlights the urgent need for climate‐resilient urban planning, inclusive social protection, and integrated health interventions to safeguard the well‐being of climate‐affected populations. Building urban resilience requires coordinated action that links climate adaptation with sustainable livelihood strategies and equitable access to basic services for all displaced communities.

Date: 2026
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