The INE household budget survey and its use to study the digital access divide. A case study in Stata

Fernando Fernández-Bonilla and Covadonga Gijón
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Fernando Fernández-Bonilla: Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
Covadonga Gijón: Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

Spanish Stata Conference 2023 from Stata Users Group

Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze the digital access divide using data from the Household Budget Survey (HBS) from 2006 to 2020, conducted by the National Institute of Statistics (INE) in Spain. The HBS, with nearly 24,000 dwellings in its sample, provides annual information on the nature and destination of household consumption expenses in Spain and the distribution of said expenditure among the different ECOICOP consumption divisions. The ICT (Information and Communication Technology) expenditures and equipment purchases are already included. The analysis is carried out using panel-data techniques with Stata, including descriptive and graphical analysis of the variables. The Hausman test to determine whether fixed-effects or random-effects models should be used accordingly with the influence of the heteroskedasticity affecting individuals along the time and the impact of errors. The panel data only examines individuals over two periods, so the study will focus on the trend evolution rather than the individual evolution.

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