Bionomics of wheat seed gall nematode Anguina tritici

Manish Kumar, Matiyar Rahaman Khan, Ajay Singh Sindhu, Arti Kumari, Swathi Karthika, Bharat Gawade, Swathi Karthika Koottiyattil Sasisankar, Ashish Kumar Singh, Vishal Singh Somvanshi and Anil Sirohi
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Manish Kumar: Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
Matiyar Rahaman Khan: Department of Biochemistry, Nalanda College of Horticulture, Noorsarai, India
Ajay Singh Sindhu: Department of Biochemistry, Nalanda College of Horticulture, Noorsarai, India
Arti Kumari: Department of Biochemistry, Nalanda College of Horticulture, Noorsarai, India
Swathi Karthika: Division of Plant Quarantine; ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
Bharat Gawade: Department of Biochemistry, Nalanda College of Horticulture, Noorsarai, India
Swathi Karthika Koottiyattil Sasisankar: Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
Ashish Kumar Singh: Department of Biochemistry, Nalanda College of Horticulture, Noorsarai, India
Vishal Singh Somvanshi: Department of Biochemistry, Nalanda College of Horticulture, Noorsarai, India
Anil Sirohi: Department of Biochemistry, Nalanda College of Horticulture, Noorsarai, India

Plant Protection Science, vol. preprint

Abstract: The wheat seed gall nematode Anguina tritici is a scientifically interesting nematode due to its aerial parasitic behaviour and ability to survive for years under desiccated conditions in seed galls. However, Anguina's life cycle and its correlation with host-plant growth and environment are poorly understood. Here, we conducted a microplot study at IARI, New Delhi, India, to examine the effects of early and late sowing dates on the life cycle of the wheat seed gall nematode using growing degree days (GDD). The study confirmed the presence of juvenile stages in the soft, undifferentiated floral mass and the upper one-third part of the stem. During the early stage of floral differentiation, the plant ovary develops into milky grains, while the galls (false ovules) become fully green. An increase in size and gonad cell development was observed when nematode J2S entered the floral tissue. The count of adult females in galls marginally surpasses that of adult males, and the female: male ratio ranged from 1.46 : 1.00 to 1.48 : 1.00. After GDD and cGDD (cumulative growing degree days) calculation, we found that the nematode completed its life cycle in 90 to 140 days, depending on the wheat sowing dates and change in temperature. The study also showed that nematode development was in sync with wheat plant growth and development. The information developed from the study such as the cumulative GDD and it's correlation with Anguina's life cycle, presence of nematode in stem, flower and gall, it's migration from collar to flower, presence of various stages of nematode in different plant tissues, and it's undergoing the anhydrobiotic process in seed galls may be used to determine the best time to intervene and manage nematode infestations.

Keywords: plant-parasitic nematodes; life cycle; parasitism; anhydrobiosis; growing degree days (search for similar items in EconPapers)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:caa:jnlpps:v:preprint:id:28-2025-pps

DOI: 10.17221/28/2025-PPS

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