Response of maize (Zea mays L.) on yield, physiology and stomatal behaviour under two different elevated CO2 concentrations. Do these anatomical changes affect the physiology of the C4 crop plant under high CO2 conditions?

Khan Ira, Vanaja Maddi, Sathish Poldasari, Faizan Mohammad, Soysal Sipan, D. Rajput Vishnu, Djalovic Ivica, Trivan Goran and Alam Pravej
Additional contact information
Khan Ira: Botany Section, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad, India
Vanaja Maddi: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, India
Sathish Poldasari: Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, India
Faizan Mohammad: Botany Section, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad, India
Soysal Sipan: Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Türkiye
D. Rajput Vishnu: Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Djalovic Ivica: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Novi Sad, Serbia
Trivan Goran: Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Alam Pravej: Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia

Plant, Soil and Environment, 2024, vol. 70, issue 10, 601-616

Abstract: Rising CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is a matter of global concern and poses apprehension about how plants will adapt to the changing environment. Various studies have proved that under high CO2 levels, plant physiology alters and affects plant functioning. However, under elevated CO2, the stomatal characters and their relation with physiological responses are still not yet clear. To find out these changes in the stomatal parameters at ambient and two elevated CO2 (550 ppm and 700 ppm) levels, four genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.) viz. DHM-117, Harsha, Varun and M-24 were grown in open-top chambers. In the study, it was observed that the stomatal density increased, stomatal size altered, stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) decreased under elevated CO2 (eCO2) while photosynthetic rate (Pn), water use efficiency (WUE), yield and biomass, of which especially the reproductive biomass increased. Under eCO2, stomatal and physiological changes were genotypic and CO2 concentration specific. Increased stomatal density at eCO2 was mainly due to increased abaxial stomatal density. The improved Pn and reduced Tr at 550 ppm improved the WUE in the plants, while this response was not observed at 700 ppm. These results elucidate that this C4 crop responded positively to up to 550 ppm of CO2 concentrations, and beyond this, the impact was minimal.

Keywords: grain number; greenhouse gases; stomatal conductance; photosynthesis; cereals; climate change (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.17221/105/2024-PSE

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