Synergistic root-photosynthesis responses to phosphorus rates optimise grain appearance quality in phosphorus‑efficient rice cultivars

Jing Cao, Li Wang, Qinyao Meng, Hao Cheng, Xihui Zhao and Guowei Xu
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Jing Cao: College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China
Li Wang: College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China
Qinyao Meng: College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China
Hao Cheng: College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China
Xihui Zhao: College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China
Guowei Xu: College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China

Plant, Soil and Environment, 2026, vol. 72, issue 4, 211-227

Abstract: Combining phosphorus management with phosphorus-efficient cultivars is an effective strategy for improving rice quality. To investigate their effects on root characteristics and photosynthetic traits, a pot experiment was conducted with two rice cultivars differing in phosphorus efficient: Liangeng 7 (weakly efficient) and Yongyou 2640 (highly efficient). Four phosphorus rates (0, 0.44, 0.88, and 1.32 g/pot, designated as P0, P1, P2, and P3, respectively) were applied. A significant cultivar-phosphorus interaction was observed. Most root traits (the length, dry weight, volume, total absorption area, active absorption area, oxidation activity, and acid phosphatase activity) and photosynthetic traits (photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance) initially increased and then decreased with increasing phosphorus rates, while the leaf intercellular CO2 concentration showed the opposite trend. Liangeng 7 performed optimally under P2, whereas Yongyou 2640 reached its peak under P1. Compared with Liangeng 7, Yongyou 2640 exhibited better appearance quality, root traits, and photosynthetic parameters. Correlation analysis showed that root length, root physiological activity and leaf photosynthetic parameters (except intercellular CO2 concentration) were significantly negatively correlated with chalkiness degree. These findings demonstrate that matching phosphorus supply to cultivar‑specific efficiency optimises root‑photosynthesis synergy, leading to superior grain appearance quality with less phosphorus input.

Keywords: rice (Oryza sativa L.); appearance quality; root trait; photosynthesis; phosphorus management (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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DOI: 10.17221/35/2026-PSE

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