Employment of Immigrants in the European Union: Progress, Persistent Gaps, and Untapped Potential

Christian Dustmann, Tommaso Frattini and Camilla Piovesan

No 2606, CReAM Reports from ROCKWOOL Foundation Berlin (RFBerlin)

Abstract: Employment among immigrants in the European Union has reached its highest level since 2017, yet important differences remain across origin groups, countries and demographic characteristics. While EU immigrants frequently match or exceed native employment rates across Member States, substantial employment disadvantages remain concentrated among non-EU immigrant women and highly educated non-EU immigrants, pointing to significant untapped labour market potential.

Date: 2026-07
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