Does the WTO Promote Trade? A Meta-analysis

Rodolfo Campos, Mario Larch, Jacopo Timini (), Elena Vidal () and Yoto Yotov
Additional contact information
Jacopo Timini: Banco de Espana
Elena Vidal: Banco de Espana

No 202505, Working Papers from Center for Global Policy Analysis, LeBow College of Business, Drexel University

Abstract: The World Trade Organization (WTO) and its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), are key institutions of the multilateral trading system. While the WTO is expected to promote trade by reducing tariffs and non-tariff barriers, existing estimates of its effect on trade vary widely in magnitude, sign, and significance. We collect 2,547 estimates from 71 papers and apply meta-analysis techniques to conduct a systematic quantitative review of the literature, complementing it with established advances in gravity models to obtain estimates of the WTO's impact on trade. The meta-analysis shows that, on average, the literature finds a significant and positive trade effect of the WTO, although the estimates depend strongly on study characteristics. Moreover, we find no evidence of publication bias. Our structural gravity estimates confirm these findings: the WTO increases trade. However, the effects are heterogeneous across sectors and income levels of trading partners.

Keywords: World Trade Organization; trade; gravity model; meta-analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C83 F13 F14 F15 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 43
Date: 2025-05
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Related works:
Working Paper: Does the WTO Promote Trade? A Meta-analysis (2024)
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