Rising bankruptcies, resilient loan books: unpacking euro area corporate credit risk

Peter Bednarek, Lara Coulier, Katri Mikkonen, Cosimo Pancaro and Jonas Wendelborn

Financial Stability Review, 2026, vol. 1

Abstract: Corporate bankruptcies in the euro area have been on the rise, but the aggregate asset quality of banks’ corporate lending has remained broadly stable. This special feature analyses this divergence and its implications for financial stability. It shows that rising bankruptcies may partly be explained by the normalisation of firm turnover since the COVID-19 pandemic, albeit with marked cross-country unevenness. At the same time, firm-level evidence suggests that balance sheet and profitability challenges are concentrated in a vulnerable tail of firms, but have remained stable for the average euro area company. Structural changes in corporate financing, including a declining reliance on bank loans and a larger role for equity, debt securities and non-bank lending, imply that a greater share of corporate risk might be outside the banking system. The analysis also shows that broadly stable aggregate asset quality reflects diverging trends in loan performance across countries and firm sizes, as well as banks’ proactive management of non-performing loans. Overall, it does not find any systematic evidence for banks delaying the recognition of non-performing loans in their loan books. Instead, the analysis indicates that weaker firm fundamentals result in a higher probability of bank exposures being reclassified from performing to non-performing. JEL Classification: E32, E44, G01, G21, G32, G33

Keywords: bank asset quality; corporate bankruptcies; corporate financing structure; firm entry and exit; forborne loans; non-performing loans; Stage 2 exposures (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026-05
Note: 761356
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