Pro-environmental behavior and life satisfaction: How strong is our evidence?

Martin Binder, Ann-Kathrin Blankenberg and Jan Nickel

Ecological Economics, 2025, vol. 237, issue C

Abstract: A positive relationship between pro-environmental behavior and subjective well-being has been used to argue for a “double dividend”, i.e. the narrative that pro-environmental behavior is beneficial for both environment and individual, when measured in the metric of subjective well-being. Our paper argues that the (causal) evidence base for such a narrative is far too weak. We suggest methodological improvements to strengthen the credibility of multivariate regression analyses with observational data. Directed acyclic graphs help with a theoretically grounded selection of control variables and equivalence tests (and associated power considerations) help interpreting null results. Illustrating both for a novel data set from a medium sized German municipality (n=1073), we find no evidence for a positive relationship between pro-environmental behavior and life satisfaction. Equivalence tests robustly reject the null hypothesis of a true effect size larger than even half that from a recent meta-analysis (r=±.11∗∗∗). We discuss the implications of these findings and conclude that this dampens enthusiasm for the narrative of the double dividend.

Keywords: Life satisfaction; Double dividend; Pro-environmental behavior; Green self-image; Green identity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I31 Q56 Q58 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:ecolec:v:237:y:2025:i:c:s0921800925001673

DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108684

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