Does global warming worsen gender equality? Evidence from subnational data

Naveen Kumar and Dibyendu Maiti

Finance Research Letters, 2025, vol. 80, issue C

Abstract: This study, based on panel fixed effects models applied to subnational-level panel data from 1,500 regions across 130 countries, reveals that global warming has worsened gender equality. First, the impact of global warming on gender equality is predominantly negative, with considerable heterogeneity across income groups and climatic regions. Second, these adverse effects are driven by mechanisms such as relative productivity loss, primarily caused by health and education-related skill disruptions, which disproportionately impact females. Third, poorer areas, regions with extreme climates, lower income quintiles, and areas within the global south experience more severe impacts of rising temperatures on gender equality. Finally, gender norms, wealth, and state capacity moderate the effects, highlighting the importance of gender-sensitive climate policies in advancing the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Keywords: Global warming; Gendered impact; Sub-national impact; Panel data (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J16 O15 Q54 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:finlet:v:80:y:2025:i:c:s1544612325005811

DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2025.107318

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