Advanced ex-situ carbon stabilization technology using municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: A review

Rongchang Zhang, Hao Zhao, Guojun Lv, Xiaojun Ma and Xuguang Jiang

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2025, vol. 218, issue C

Abstract: The usage of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash (MSWI FA) for ex-situ carbon mineralization has received increasing attention to address the challenge from carbon neutrality and sustainability. Recent studies have focused on aqueous reactions for the stabilization and carbon sequestration of MSWI FA, while there lacks an optimized strategy for the various mineralization techniques proposed in literature. This review presents the first comprehensive summary of recent advancements in ex-situ carbon stabilization using MSWI FA with aqueous reactions, based on an analysis of 1284 publications pre-filtered by Large Language Models (LLM) and manually screened. Focusing on carbon capture capacity of MSWI FA, this review proposes a unified formula to estimate the theoretical maximum carbon uptake, and provides the first in-depth comparative analysis of carbon sequestration efficiency for various carbonation techniques, together with evaluations on the environmental impacts through their heavy metal stabilization efficiency. Furthermore, this review examines the global landscape of carbon capture and identifies MSWI FA carbonation as a highly promising short-term solution due to its cost-effectiveness and carbon uptake potential.

Keywords: CO2 capture; Carbon mineralization; Carbon utilization; Heavy metal stabilization; MSWI fly ash (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115763

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