Advanced fault detection, diagnosis and prognosis in HVAC systems: Lifecycle insight, key challenges, and promising approaches

Zhanwei Wang, Yijie Qin, Yifan Kong, Lin Wang, Qiang Leng and Chunxiao Zhang

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2025, vol. 219, issue C

Abstract: Building energy consumption constitutes a significant portion of global energy use, with heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems being the dominant contributors. Advanced fault detection, diagnosis, and prognosis (FDD&P) techniques are vital for enabling low-carbon, efficient, and energy-saving HVAC operations while enhancing intelligent system management. From a problem-oriented perspective, this paper provides a comprehensive review of current research on FDD&P applications in the HVAC field. Three critical scientific questions are highlighted for future exploration: (i) How can the “spatiotemporal dimensionality” of FDD&P be effectively addressed? (ii) What are the key challenges constraining FDD&P applications? (iii) What constitute the promising approaches?

Keywords: Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning; Fault detection and diagnosis; Fault prognosis; Lifecycle; Physical mechanisms; Domain knowledge; Data-driven; Model integration (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115867

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