Gender differences in commuting distance: A temporal analysis of changes and (Un)explained gaps

Elisabeth Lång and Maria Börjesson

Research in Transportation Economics, 2025, vol. 112, issue C

Abstract: We examine the gender gap in commuting distance over time. We show that the gender gap in commuting distance has decreased less than the wage earnings gap. This holds true also for singles without children, where an uneven division of household duties should not be a factor. In 1998, the lion's share of the gender gap in commuting distance, conditional on effective job density, could be attributed to job specialization and women's higher marginal cost of commuting due to their higher share of unpaid work. However, by 2017, the influence of these factors has diminished, resulting in a growing “unexplained” gender gap in commuting distance.

Keywords: Commuting distance; Gender differences in transport use; Gender equality; Job specialization; Job density (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J16 J45 R23 R41 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1016/j.retrec.2025.101597

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