Health differences between European countries

Karen M. Olsen and Svenn-Åge Dahl

Social Science & Medicine, 2007, vol. 64, issue 8, 1665-1678

Abstract: This paper examines self-reported health among individuals in 21 European countries. The purpose is to analyze how both individual- and country-level characteristics influence health. The study is based on data from the European Social Survey (ESS) conducted in 2003 and employs hierarchical modelling (N=38,472). We present three main findings: (1) individual-level characteristics, such as age, education, economic satisfaction, social network, unemployment, and occupational status are related to the health of individuals, both for women and men; (2) we tested how societal features, such as public expenditure on health, socioeconomic development, lifestyle, and social capital (social trust) were related to subjective health. Among the country-level characteristics, socioeconomic development, measured as GDP per capita (logarithm), is the indicator that is most strongly associated with better health, after controlling for individual-level characteristics; (3) the eastern European countries stand out as the countries where individuals report the poorest health. In our models, the individual-level variables explain 60% of the variance between countries, whereas 40% is explained by the macro-level variables.

Keywords: Subjective; health; Health; status; Cross-national; Individual; and; societal; effects; Europe (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2007
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (42)

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