Income inequality in times of high inflation in Europe

Massimo Aprea and Michele Raitano

Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2025, vol. 73, issue C, 449-459

Abstract: In inequality studies economic wellbeing is usually measured in terms of nominal incomes, which are compared over time by using a uniform price index. This prevents from adequately taking account of the effects of inflation on the distribution of living standards. To overcome these limits, we propose to consider income net of the spending for basic goods as the proxy of economic wellbeing. Such approach allows to account for the impact on inequality of the heterogeneity in the share of income spent for these goods and in the inflation rates across goods. We test this approach through an empirical exercise for 5 major EU countries, based on the 2020 wave of the EU-SILC which records household spending for food. Referring to inflation rates occurred in 2020–2023, we investigate: i) the changes of inequality when income net of food spending is considered as the proxy of economic wellbeing; ii) the ‘direct’ change of inequality when food price increases; iii) the capacity of a ‘uniform’ rise in incomes to counteract the effects of an increase in food price. We find that inequality largely increases when incomes are considered net of the spending for food and when such spending is inflated and this effect is driven by the declining ratio between food spending and household income along the income distribution. Inequality also rises if all incomes increase according to the average inflation rate, because of the higher relative spending of poorer households on a good, such as food, characterised by a higher-than-average inflation rate.

Keywords: Inflation; Inequality; European countries; Basic goods; Food spending (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D31 E31 I31 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0954349X25000219
Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:streco:v:73:y:2025:i:c:p:449-459

DOI: 10.1016/j.strueco.2025.02.011

Access Statistics for this article

Structural Change and Economic Dynamics is currently edited by F. Duchin, H. Hagemann, M. Landesmann, R. Scazzieri, A. Steenge and B. Verspagen

More articles in Structural Change and Economic Dynamics from Elsevier
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Catherine Liu ().