Quantitative methods in social research

Eleni Gaki

Chapter 34 in Elgar Concise Encyclopedia of Research Methods in the Social Sciences, 2026, pp 244-252 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: Quantitative methods involve collecting and analyzing numerical/quantitative data as a tool for investigating various phenomena, answering research questions, and reaching conclusions. Quantitative methods emphasize measurement, statistical analysis, and logical reasoning. They are used in research for studying the relationships between variables, and for hypothesis testing, prediction, and decision-making. This entry offers a brief introduction to quantitative methods, focusing on their main characteristics and ways of utilization. It starts with the description of the quantitative research process, explaining the necessary steps for successful quantitative research. The distinct characteristics of primary and secondary research are highlighted, followed by the presentation of the appropriate techniques for quantitative data collection in each case. Special attention is given to the concepts of validity and reliability and their importance for research robustness. The last part of the entry gives examples of popular, effective, and frequently used methods and techniques of data analysis.

Keywords: Quantitative Research Process; Primary Research; Secondary Research; Validity; Reliability; Data Analysis Techniques (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781803921297
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