Life cycle assessment

David Hysi

Chapter 98 in Elgar Encyclopedia of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment, 2026, pp 363-365 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a systematic framework used to evaluate and quantify environmental impacts associated with a product's entire life cycle. Originating in the 1960s, LCA focuses on assessing impacts such as climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, eutrophication, acidification, human health and ecosystem effects, resource depletion, water and land use, and noise pollution. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines the LCA methodology as consisting of four main phases: Goal and Scope Definition, Inventory Analysis, Impact Assessment, and Interpretation. The LCA methodology is a valuable tool for improving environmental performance and promoting sustainable practices. It is used in product development, policy-making, environmental management, corporate strategy, and eco-labeling and marketing. LCA helps identify significant environmental impacts throughout a product's life cycle, leading to more sustainable designs and informed decision-making. It also aids in policy-making by providing data to support the development of environmental regulations and policies. It helps organizations assess their environmental performance, enabling them to implement sustainability strategies and achieve environmental certifications. LCA can supplement corporate strategies by aligning business goals with environmental objectives, enhancing their competitive advantage, and mitigating environmental regulations risks. It is also used in supply chain management, research and development, and education to raise awareness and promote environmentally responsible behaviors. However, challenges such as data availability and quality, as well as the intricate and fluctuating nature of LCA techniques, need to be addressed to enhance its effectiveness. Despite these challenges, LCA continues to evolve and drive progress toward a more sustainable future.

Keywords: Life Cycle; LCA; LCSA; ISO Standards; Environmental; Sustainability; Framework (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781035309887
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