Participatory Game Theory interventions to support multi-actor decision-making on grand challenges: a case study of the Dutch dairy sector

Femke Bekius, Alice H. Aubert and Lara Koopman

Chapter 8 in Methodology to Address Grand Challenges, 2026, pp 158-192 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: This chapter examines multi-actor interactions in decision-making on grand challenges. We introduce Participatory Game Theory (ParGT), an intervention approach to support decision-making by giving stakeholders an explicit role in formulating outcomes and actions by anticipating others’ actions. After presenting the steps to design, apply, and debrief a ParGT intervention, we present a unique case of an application in the Dutch dairy sector. The intervention supported participants in formulating outcomes and concrete actions towards collaborative decision-making. It also resulted in an increasing number of participants stating key priorities related to collaboration in the transformation to a sustainable dairy sector. We reflect on the methodological challenges of ParGT interventions in the case study and in general. Finally, we place the case study in the larger context of food system transformations, compare ParGT with participatory Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, and reflect on how to evaluate participatory approaches in addressing multi-actor decision-making on grand challenges.

Keywords: Participatory Game Theory; Decision-Making; Multi-Actor; Transformation; Agri-Food System; Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781035314300
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