From “classic” to “new” resource nationalism in Latin America, 1930–2025

Paul Alexander Haslam

Chapter 3 in Handbook of Resource Nationalism, 2026, pp 51-68 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: This chapter highlights the cyclical tension between liberal and resource nationalist (statist) perspectives in the economic history of Latin America. The chapter begins by defining resource nationalism as government policy focused on the capture, control, and use of resource rents. By defining resource nationalism in this way, the chapter focuses on both similarities between the cycles of resource nationalism that have occurred in the region since 1930, as well as the important variations expressed in the mechanisms used to capture rents, and the uses to which they are put. Subsequently, the chapter examines each of the major cycles of resource nationalism in Latin America: a first cycle associated with emergence of resource nationalism, as the liberal export-oriented period of the late 19th century gave way to developmentalist thinking in the region, 1930–1981; and a second cycle in which an ascendent neoliberal correction was displaced by a recent phase of resource nationalism linked to the commodity supercycle and the election of new left governments across the region, 1998–2025. The concluding sections of the chapter aim to differentiate the new resource nationalism in the region from classic expressions of state-led developmentalism by tying it to the contemporary study of Extractivism.

Keywords: Resource Nationalism; Government Policy; Latin America; Developmentalism; Neoliberalism; New Left (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781035333431
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