Discussion, conclusion, and recommendations

Nir Kshetri

Chapter 9 in The Rise of Blockchains, 2026, pp 159-172 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: This concluding chapter synthesizes the transformative impact of blockchain on global trust, economic verification, and social equity. It examines the “Web 3.0 revolution,” contrasting the energy-intensive nature of Proof-of-Work systems with the rapid growth of high-performance ecosystems like Ethereum and Solana. The analysis highlights significant implications for three key stakeholders: organizations, which leverage blockchain for supply chain transparency and brand equity (e.g., Carrefour); policymakers, who utilize DLT for anti-corruption and land administration (e.g., India and Nigeria); and consumers/investors, who benefit from “Play-to-Earn” (P2E) models and NFT ownership. However, the chapter provides a critical warning regarding “rug-pull” scams, SIM-swapping, and the US$2.2 billion in crypto-theft recorded in 2024. Ultimately, it recommends a balanced approach of proactive regulation, institutional “absorptive capacity”-building, and consumer vigilance to harness blockchain's potential as a “world computer,” while mitigating its inherent systemic risks.

Keywords: Web 3.0; Conflict Minerals; Play-to-Earn (P2E); Rug-Pull Scams; Metaverse Economy; Land Administration (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781035394333
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