The asymmetric effect of commodity price returns on economic growth: evidence from net-commodity-exporting countries during inflationary times

Salem Boubakri

Journal of Economic Studies, 2025, vol. 53, issue 8, 1655-1669

Abstract: PurposeThis paper examines how real commodity price returns affect GDP growth, focusing on the role of inflation as a transitional mechanism in this relationship.Design/methodology/approachWe use a panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model to analyse the non-linear effect of commodity price returns on GDP growth, using inflation as the transition variable. Our analysis is conducted across four key commodity indexes: energy, food and beverages, precious metals and agricultural raw materials.FindingsOur results reveal a significant non-linear relationship between real commodity price returns and GDP growth, which varies across commodity types. We find that during periods of low inflation, commodity price returns – especially on food, energy and precious metals – have a strong and positive effect on GDP growth. Conversely, under conditions of high inflation, returns on food and beverages and agricultural raw materials have a negative influence on economic growth. These findings highlight the role of inflation as a crucial transmission channel. Importantly, by including food, metals and agricultural raw materials – commodity categories that have been less examined in prior studies – our analysis offers a more comprehensive comparative perspective on their unique economic impacts.Research limitations/implicationsIn times of rising and persistent inflation, investors should consider diversifying their portfolios beyond traditional stock and bond markets to mitigate the risks associated with inflation.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the growing body of literature on macro-financial linkages by highlighting the non-linear, inflation-mediated relationship between commodity prices and GDP growth. The use of the PSTR model offers a novel approach to capturing regime-dependent effects. The findings are particularly valuable for policymakers and investors aiming to understand and manage the macroeconomic risks associated with commodity price volatility under different inflationary conditions.

Keywords: Commodity price; GDP growth; Inflation; Net-commodity-exporting countries; Panel smooth transition regression model (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eme:jespps:jes-03-2025-0176

DOI: 10.1108/JES-03-2025-0176

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