The Scale of the Shadow Economy in the Sphere of Urban and Suburban Passenger Transportation in Regions of Russia

Evgeny Alexandrovich Uvarov
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Evgeny Alexandrovich Uvarov: National Research University Higher School of Economics

Spatial Economics=Prostranstvennaya Ekonomika, 2020, issue 2, 124-141

Abstract: The author considers a non-cash fare payment system as an effective tool to reduce the shadow income of transport organizations. The object is shadow economy in regions of Russia. The subject is the public passenger transport sphere. The author studies buses on municipal regular transport routes (city and suburbs). The category of buses also includes buses of small capacity, i. e. ‘Minibuses’. The scientific novelty of the work is to obtain quantitative and qualitative estimates of the extent and consequences of the shadow sector of the provision in the public passenger transport sphere in regions of Russia. The work takes into account a non-cash fare system using debit, credit, transport and social (preferential) cards. It was revealed that in 2018, a non-cash system was installed in 56 regions and in 29 regions was not installed. Based on the panel data analysis, considering endogeneity, AR (1), heteroskedasticity, the work revealed, where the statistical significance at p-value

Keywords: shadow economy; bus and minibus transportations; shadow revenue; shadow income; payment by card; non-cash system; fare; regions; Russia (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O17 R11 R40 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:far:spaeco:y:2020:i:2:p:124-141

DOI: 10.14530/se.2020.2.124-141

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