Recent Advances in Cellulose Nanofibers Preparation through Energy-Efficient Approaches: A Review

Seyed Rahman Djafari Petroudy, Bruno Chabot, Eric Loranger, Maryam Naebe, Jamileh Shojaeiarani, Samira Gharehkhani, Behzad Ahvazi, Jinguang Hu and Sabu Thomas
Additional contact information
Seyed Rahman Djafari Petroudy: I2E3—Innovations Institute in Eco-Materials, Eco-Products, and Eco-Energies Biomass Based, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
Bruno Chabot: I2E3—Innovations Institute in Eco-Materials, Eco-Products, and Eco-Energies Biomass Based, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
Eric Loranger: I2E3—Innovations Institute in Eco-Materials, Eco-Products, and Eco-Energies Biomass Based, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
Maryam Naebe: Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
Jamileh Shojaeiarani: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA
Samira Gharehkhani: Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E, Canada
Behzad Ahvazi: Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
Jinguang Hu: Biorefining & Photo-Bioprocessing Research Lab, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2L 1Y1, Canada
Sabu Thomas: International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 20, 1-31

Abstract: Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and their applications have recently gained significant attention due to the attractive and unique combination of their properties including excellent mechanical properties, surface chemistry, biocompatibility, and most importantly, their abundance from sustainable and renewable resources. Although there are some commercial production plants, mostly in developed countries, the optimum CNF production is still restricted due to the expensive initial investment, high mechanical energy demand, and high relevant production cost. This paper discusses the development of the current trend and most applied methods to introduce energy-efficient approaches for the preparation of CNFs. The production of cost-effective CNFs represents a critical step for introducing bio-based materials to industrial markets and provides a platform for the development of novel high value applications. The key factor remains within the process and feedstock optimization of the production conditions to achieve high yields and quality with consistent production aimed at cost effective CNFs from different feedstock.

Keywords: cellulose nanofibers; energy-efficient; mechanical process; pretreatments (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/20/6792/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/20/6792/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:20:p:6792-:d:658809

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().