Electric Vehicle Fleets as Balancing Instrument in Micro-Grids

Giambattista Gruosso and Fredy Orlando Ruiz
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Giambattista Gruosso: Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria—DEIB, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
Fredy Orlando Ruiz: Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria—DEIB, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 22, 1-11

Abstract: Micro-grids have become the building block of modern energy systems, where distributed resources are the characterizing feature. The charging operation of electric vehicles can be exploited as a flexible load to achieve operational goals of the micro-grid. In the particular case of car-sharing fleets, the degrees of freedom in the charging procedures are reduced when compared to private users. In this work, we illustrate how a car sharing fleet can be incorporated as a flexible load in the micro-grid management system. A linear optimization problem is formulated, where the cost function makes a trade-off between the gain in flexibility in the micro-grid and the loss incurred by the car-sharing service for delaying the recharging procedure of the EV. The proposed approach is evaluated on a data set of charging events generated by a real car-sharing fleet showing that the EMS allows reducing the daily peak demand requested to the public grid and diminishes the operational costs.

Keywords: micro-grid planning; electrical vehicles; energy storage; flexible programming (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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