Energy Optimization of Electric Vehicles by Distributing Driving Power Considering System State Changes

In-Gyu Jang, Chung-Seong Lee and Sung-Ho Hwang
Additional contact information
In-Gyu Jang: School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
Chung-Seong Lee: Central R&D Center, Mando Corporation, Seongnam 13486, Korea
Sung-Ho Hwang: School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 3, 1-18

Abstract: In a battery-electric vehicle, a representative electric vehicle, there is a growing demand for performance and one-charge mileage improvement. As an alternative to such improvements, the capacity of the battery has been increased; however, due to the corresponding increase in the weight of the battery and the limited space in the vehicle, increasing the capacity of the battery also has limitations. Therefore, researches are being actively conducted to improve system operation efficiency to overcome such limitations. This paper proposes a distributing method of the driving forces to a battery-powered electric shuttle bus for last-mile mobility equipped with the decentralized driving system while taking into account voltage changes of the input terminals due to changes in the battery charge. The system operation efficiency changes were compared and evaluated by performing energy consumption analysis using ‘Manhattan Bus Driving Cycle’ at low voltage condition (SOC 20%). Various analyzes were performed and compared, such as the uniform distribution method of driving forces of the front and rear wheels ( Uniform ), the optimization method without considering the input terminal voltage change ( V norm = 90 V), and the optimization method considering the input terminal voltage change ( V dclink ). As a result, it shows that the proposed algorithm can improve 6.0% compared to the conventional uniform driving force distribution method ( Uniform ). Moreover, it shows that the real-time optimization method without considering the input voltage change ( V norm = 90 V) can improve 5.3% compared to the uniform distribution method. The proposed method can obtain an additional 0.7% increase in total cost compared to the existing optimization method, which shows that the vehicle system has cost-effectiveness by reducing the battery capacity required to achieve the same mileage.

Keywords: driving force distribution; decentralized traction system; 4WD electric vehicle; energy efficiency; traction control; efficiency optimization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/3/594/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/3/594/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:3:p:594-:d:486470

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().