A Grid-Tied Fuel Cell Multilevel Inverter with Low Harmonic Distortions

Khlid Ben Hamad, Doudou N. Luta and Atanda K. Raji
Additional contact information
Khlid Ben Hamad: Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville Cape Town 7535, South Africa
Doudou N. Luta: Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville Cape Town 7535, South Africa
Atanda K. Raji: Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville Cape Town 7535, South Africa

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 3, 1-24

Abstract: As a result of global energy demand increase, concerns over global warming, and rapid exhaustion of fossil fuels, there is a growing interest in energy system dependence on clean and sustainable energy resources. Attractive power technologies include photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, and biomass power. Fuel cells are also clean energy units that substitute power generators based on fossil fuels. They are employed in various applications, including transportation, stationary power, and small portable power. Fuel cell connections to utility grids require that the power conditioning units, interfacing the fuel cells and the grids, operate accordingly (by complying with the grid requirements). This study aims to model a centralised, single-stage grid-tied three-level diode clamped inverter interfacing a multi-stack fuel cell system. The inverter is expected to produce harmonic distortions of less than 0.5% and achieve an efficiency of 85%. Besides the grid, the system consists of a 1.54 MW/1400 V DC proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a 1.3 MW three-level diode clamped inverter with a nominal voltage of 600 V, and an inductance-capacitance-inductance (LCL) filter. Two case studies based on the load conditions are considered to assess the developed system’s performance further. In case 1, the fuel cell system generates enough power to fully meet this load and exports the excess to the grid. In the other case, a load of 2.5 MW was connected at the grid-tied fuel cell inverter’s output terminals. The system imports the grid’s power to meet the 2.5 MW load since the fuel cell can only produce 1.54 MW. It is demonstrated that the system can supply and also receive power from the grid. The results show the developed system’s good performance with a low total harmonic distortion of about 0.12% for the voltage and 0.07% for the current. The results also reveal that the fuel cell inverter voltage and the frequency at the point of common coupling comply with the grid requirements.

Keywords: fuel cell; LCL filter; multilevel inverter; voltage oriented control (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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