Heat Transfer and Flow Dynamics for Natural Convection in Fe 3 O 4 /H 2 O Nanofluid

Maryia Miadzvedzeva (), Alexander S. Fedotov, Ilya Zur and Julia Fedotova
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Maryia Miadzvedzeva: Laboratory of Physics of Perspective Materials, Research Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University, 11 Babrujskaja Street, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
Alexander S. Fedotov: Laboratory of High Energy Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 4 Baldin Street, 141980 Dubna, Russia
Ilya Zur: Laboratory of Physics of Perspective Materials, Research Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University, 11 Babrujskaja Street, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
Julia Fedotova: Laboratory of Physics of Perspective Materials, Research Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University, 11 Babrujskaja Street, 220030 Minsk, Belarus

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 11, 1-19

Abstract: Fe 3 O 4 /H 2 O nanofluid attracts many researchers’ attention due to its considerable potential for practical applications. This work is focused on the study of heat transfer efficiency in Fe 3 O 4 /H 2 O nanofluids with nanoparticles (NPs) of mean diameter d NPs in the nanosized range (13–50 nm) at volume fractions up to 2%. The Rayleigh–Bénard problem of free convection between plane-parallel plates corresponding to Rayleigh numbers 10 3 –10 7 is numerically solved. It was shown that the addition of up to 2% of NPs with a diameter of 13 nm can increase the Prandtl number by up to 60% compared to pure water. A map of flow regimes is constructed, indicating the emerging convective patterns. It is demonstrated that as the volume fraction of NPs increases, the Prandtl number grows and the transition to more chaotic patterns with Rayleigh number slows down. It is observed that at a Rayleigh number of 10 4 , the heat flux through the nanofluid layer decreases by up to 25% relative to pure water. Conversely, at Ra ≈ 10 5 , the heat flux through the nanofluid layer increases by up to 18% when using a 2% volume fraction of 13 nm diameter NPs.

Keywords: natural convection; nanofluid; magnetite NPs; finite element method; convective patterns (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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