Control Strategy of a Multi-Source System Based on Batteries, Wind Turbines, and Electrolyzers for Hydrogen Production

Ibrahima Touré (), Alireza Payman, Mamadou Baïlo Camara () and Brayima Dakyo
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Ibrahima Touré: GREAH-Laboratory, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Le Havre Normandie, 75 Rue Bellot, 76600 Le Havre, France
Alireza Payman: GREAH-Laboratory, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Le Havre Normandie, 75 Rue Bellot, 76600 Le Havre, France
Mamadou Baïlo Camara: GREAH-Laboratory, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Le Havre Normandie, 75 Rue Bellot, 76600 Le Havre, France
Brayima Dakyo: GREAH-Laboratory, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Le Havre Normandie, 75 Rue Bellot, 76600 Le Havre, France

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 11, 1-19

Abstract: Multi-source systems are gaining attention as an effective approach to seamlessly incorporate renewable energies within electrical networks. These systems offer greater flexibility and better energy management possibilities. The considered multi-source system is based on a 50 MW wind farm connected to battery energy storage and electrolyzers through modular multi-level DC/DC converters. Wind energy systems interface with the DC-bus via rectifier power electronics that regulate the DC-bus voltage and implement optimal power extraction algorithms for efficient wind turbine operation. However, integrating intermittent renewable energy sources with optimal microgrid management poses significant challenges. It is essential to mention that the studied multi-source system is connected to the DC loads (modular electrolyzers and local load). This work proposes a new regulation method designed specifically to improve the performance of the system. In this strategy, the excess wind farm energy is converted into hydrogen gas and may be stored in the batteries. On the other hand, when the wind speed is low or there is no excess of energy, electrolyzer operations are stopped. The battery energy management depends on the power balance between the DC load (modular electrolyzers and local load) requirements and the energy produced from the wind farm. This control should lead to eliminating the fluctuations in energy production and should have a high dynamic performance. This work presents a nonlinear control method using a backstepping concept to improve the performances of the system operations and to achieve the mentioned goals. To evaluate the developed control strategy, some simulations based on real meteorological wind speed data using Matlab are conducted. The simulation results show that the proposed backstepping control strategy is satisfactory. Indeed, by integrating this control strategy into the multi-source system, we offer a flexible solution for battery and electrolyzer applications, contributing to the transition to a cleaner, more resilient energy system. This methodology offers intelligent and efficient energy management.

Keywords: DC microgrids; renewable energy sources; backstepping; electrolyzer; modular multi-level converter (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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