A Novel Control Method for Current Waveform Reshaping and Transient Stability Enhancement of Grid-Forming Converters Considering Non-Ideal Grid Conditions

Tengkai Yu, Jifeng Liang, Shiyang Rong, Zhipeng Shu, Cunyue Pan and Yingyu Liang ()
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Tengkai Yu: State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
Jifeng Liang: State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
Shiyang Rong: State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
Zhipeng Shu: School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
Cunyue Pan: School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
Yingyu Liang: School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 11, 1-33

Abstract: The proliferation of next-generation renewable energy systems has driven widespread adoption of electronic devices and nonlinear loads, causing grid distortion that degrades waveform quality in grid-forming (GFM) converters. Additionally, unbalanced grid faults exacerbate overcurrent risks and transient stability challenges when employing conventional virtual impedance strategies. While existing studies have separately examined these challenges, few have comprehensively addressed non-ideal grid conditions. To bridge this gap, a novel control strategy is proposed that reshapes the output current waveforms and enhances transient stability in GFM converters under such conditions. First, a sliding mode controller with an improved composite reaching law to achieve rapid reference tracking while eliminating chattering is designed. Second, a multi-quasi-resonance controller incorporating phase compensation is introduced to suppress harmonic distortion in the converter output current. Third, an individual-phase fuzzy adaptive virtual impedance strategy dynamically reshapes the current amplitude during unbalanced faults and improves the system’s transient stability. Validated through PSCAD/EMTDC simulations and hardware-in-the-loop experiments, the proposed strategy demonstrates superior transient stability and fault ride-through capability compared to state-of-the-art methods, ensuring reliable GFM converter operation under severe harmonic and unbalanced grid conditions.

Keywords: non-ideal grid conditions; grid-forming converter; sliding mode control; current waveform reshaping; individual-phase fuzzy-integrated virtual impedance (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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