Swirling Flameless Combustion of Pure Ammonia Fuel

Lizhen Qin, Hossein Ali Yousefi Rizi, Byeongjun Jeon and Donghoon Shin ()
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Lizhen Qin: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
Hossein Ali Yousefi Rizi: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
Byeongjun Jeon: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
Donghoon Shin: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 12, 1-22

Abstract: Ammonia combustion has garnered increasing attention due to its potential as a carbon-free fuel. Globally swirling flow in a rectangular furnace generates flameless conditions by high flue gas recirculation. The reverse air injection (RAI) technique enabled stable swirling flameless combustion of pure ammonia without auxiliary methods. Experiments with pure ammonia combustion in a swirling flameless furnace demonstrated an operable equivalence ratio (ER) range of 0.3–1.05, extending conventional flammability limits of pure ammonia as a fuel. NO emissions were reduced by 40% compared to conventional combustion, with peak concentrations of 1245 ppm at ER = 0.71 and near-zero emissions at ER = 1.05. Notably, flameless combustion exhibited lower temperature sensitivity in NO formation; however, the ER has a serious effect. Developing a simplified reaction model for ammonia combustion is crucial for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) research. A reduced kinetic mechanism comprising 36 reactions and 16 chemical species was introduced, specifically designed for efficient and precise modeling of pure ammonia flameless combustion. Combustion simulation using the eddy dissipation concept (EDC) approach confirmed the mechanism’s predictive capability, maintaining acceptable accuracy across the operating conditions.

Keywords: flameless combustion; pure ammonia; reverse air injection; swirling flow; NOx; CFD; reaction kinetics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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