Sensorless Compensation of DC-Link Current Pulsations in Energy Storage Systems

Dariusz Zieliński (), Maciej Rudawski () and K. Gopakumar
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Dariusz Zieliński: Department of Electrical Drives and Machines, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Maciej Rudawski: Department of Electrical Drives and Machines, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
K. Gopakumar: Department of Electronics Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 12, 1-12

Abstract: This study addresses the problem of DC-link current pulsations in four-wire AC/DC converters with energy storage operating under unbalanced load conditions. A sensorless compensation algorithm based on AC-side voltage and current measurements is proposed, eliminating the need for additional sensors. The algorithm incorporates a Second Order Generalized Integrator (SOGI) filter for accurate detection and compensation of the pulsating component. Experimental validation under severe asymmetry confirmed the method’s effectiveness. In case 1, the AC component of the DC-link current was reduced from 7 A to 1.4 A and, in case 2, from 3 A to 0.5 A. Corresponding FFT analysis showed a reduction in relative amplitude from 240% to 21.5% and from 264% to 22%, respectively. In an asymmetrical charging scenario (case 3), the AC component was reduced from 2.5 A to nearly 0 A, corresponding to a decrease from 42% to 4.9% in the FFT spectrum. These results demonstrate that the proposed method enables stable converter operation even under deep phase current imbalances, significantly improving energy storage reliability and utility grid performance.

Keywords: three-phase voltage balancing; microgrid; three-phase four-wire converter; compensating the DC-link current pulsation; supercapacitor (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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