Autonomous Electric Vehicle Charging Station Along a High-Traffic Road as a Model for Efficient Implementation of Emission-Free Economy

Robert Kaznowski (), Wojciech Ambroszko and Dariusz Sztafrowski ()
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Robert Kaznowski: Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
Wojciech Ambroszko: Department of Automotive Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
Dariusz Sztafrowski: Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 12, 1-21

Abstract: The growing demand for electric vehicles (EV) has increased the need for reliable and sustainable charging infrastructure. To address this challenge, autonomous charging stations powered by renewable energy sources (RES) are a promising solution. This paper presents a simulation-based study that determines the optimal contribution of wind farms, photovoltaic systems, and energy storage to power an autonomous EV charging station. The simulation takes into account historical weather data, EV charging patterns, and renewable energy storage capacity. The results show that by combining RES and batteries, the charging station can operate autonomously minimizing the dependence on the power grid. Battery energy storage plays a key role in balancing intermittent RES generation and variable demand from the charging station. The simulation highlights the importance of adjusting parameters to optimize the energy utilization of the charging station and minimize the dependence on the grid. Further research is warranted to optimize the design, operation, and integration with advanced energy management systems to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of these charging stations. The development of a widespread autonomous charging infrastructure powered by renewable energy sources can accelerate the transition to clean transportation and support the energy system.

Keywords: electric vehicles (EV); renewable energy sources (RES); charging infrastructure; grid independence; energy storage; simulation; energy management (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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