Problems in Modeling Three-Phase Three-Wire Circuits in the Case of Non-Sinusoidal Periodic Waveforms and Unbalanced Load

Konrad Zajkowski () and Stanislaw Duer
Additional contact information
Konrad Zajkowski: Department of Energy, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Energy, Koszalin University of Technology, 15-17 Raclawicka St., 75-620 Koszalin, Poland
Stanislaw Duer: Department of Energy, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Energy, Koszalin University of Technology, 15-17 Raclawicka St., 75-620 Koszalin, Poland

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 12, 1-18

Abstract: Asymmetry in the supply voltage in three-phase circuits disrupts the flow of currents. This worsens the efficiency of the distribution system and increases the problems in determining the mathematical model of the energy system. Among many power theories, the most accurate is the Currents’ Physical Components (CPC) power theory, which tries to justify the physical essence of each component. Such knowledge can be used to improve efficiency and reduce transmission losses in the power system. This article discusses the method of mathematical decomposition of current components in the case of a three-wire line connecting an asymmetric power source with linear time-invariant (LTI) loads. Special cases where irregularities appear in the results of calculations according to the CPC theory are discussed. The problem of equivalent conductance in the case of a non-zero value of the constant voltage component is discussed. The method of determining symmetrical components for periodic non-sinusoidal waveforms is also discussed. These considerations are supported by numerical examples.

Keywords: Currents’ Physical Components (CPC); power definitions; power theory (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/12/3219/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/12/3219/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:12:p:3219-:d:1682835

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().