The Decarbonisation of Heating and Cooling Following EU Directives

Joana Fernandes (), Silvia Remédios, Frank Gérard, Andro Bačan, Martin Stroleny, Vassiliki Drosou and Rosie Christodoulaki
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Joana Fernandes: ADENE—Agência Para a Energia, Avenida 5 de Outubro 208, 2º piso, 1050-065 Lisboa, Portugal
Silvia Remédios: ADENE—Agência Para a Energia, Avenida 5 de Outubro 208, 2º piso, 1050-065 Lisboa, Portugal
Frank Gérard: TRINOMICS BV, Mauritsweg 44, 3012 JV Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Andro Bačan: EIHP—Energetski Institut Hrvoje Pozar, Savska cesta 163, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Martin Stroleny: EHP—Euroheat and Power, Bd Brand Whitlock 87/93, 1200 Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
Vassiliki Drosou: CRES—Centre for Renewable Energy Sources and Saving Foundation, 19th km Marathonos Ave., 19009 Pikermi Attiki, Greece
Rosie Christodoulaki: CRES—Centre for Renewable Energy Sources and Saving Foundation, 19th km Marathonos Ave., 19009 Pikermi Attiki, Greece

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 13, 1-21

Abstract: Heating and cooling (H&C) accounts for approximately 50% of the European Union’s (EU) total energy demand and remains significantly reliant on imported fossil fuels. Hence, addressing the decarbonization of the H&C sector is key to achieving a successful energy transition. At the EU level, several legislative instruments within the Fit for 55 package directly target the decarbonization of H&C, including the core directives on renewable energy, energy efficiency, and the energy performance of buildings. At the national level, EU Member States (MSs) have developed National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs), which are the main framework for defining national energy transition strategies, including measures to address H&C. Within the EU-funded REDI4HEAT project, a guideline was developed to support the assessment of policy documents—particularly NECPs—regarding the robustness of their policies and measures for decarbonizing H&C. This assessment framework supports the identification of gaps and opportunities through six key Strategic Policy Priority (SPP) areas, offering a set of policy options that can be further elaborated into effective measures. The design of these policy measures is informed by the Knowledge Sharing Centre—an online repository of replicable and adaptable initiatives that can be tailored to the specific geographical, social, and economic contexts of each MS.

Keywords: heating; cooling; renewables; energy; energy efficiency; decarbonization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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