GCT–CET Integrated Flexible Load Control Method for IES

Yaoxian Liu, Yuanyuan Wang (), Yiqi Yang, Kaixin Zhang, Yue Sun, Cong Hou, Zhonghao Dongye and Jingwen Chen
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Yaoxian Liu: School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
Yuanyuan Wang: School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
Yiqi Yang: School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
Kaixin Zhang: School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
Yue Sun: State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co., Ltd., Research Institute, Beijing 100045, China
Cong Hou: State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co., Ltd., Research Institute, Beijing 100045, China
Zhonghao Dongye: State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electrical Power University, Beijing 100000, China
Jingwen Chen: School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 14, 1-22

Abstract: Under the “dual carbon” goals, the low-carbon economic dispatch of integrated energy systems (IES) faces multiple challenges, including suboptimal economic efficiency, excessive carbon emissions, and limited renewable energy integration. While traditional green certificate trading (GCT) enhances renewable energy adoption, its emission reduction effect remains inadequate. Conversely, standalone carbon emission trading (CET) effectively curbs emissions but often at the expense of increased operational costs, making it difficult to achieve both economic and environmental objectives simultaneously. To address these limitations, this study proposes an innovative green certificate trading–tiered carbon emission trading (GCT–CET) synergistic mechanism integrated with demand-side flexible load optimization, developing a low-carbon dispatch model designed to minimize total system costs. Simulation experiments conducted with the CPLEX solver demonstrate that, compared to individual GCT or CET implementations, the proposed coordinated mechanism effectively combines renewable energy incentives (through GCT) with stringent emission control (via stepped CET), resulting in a 47.8% reduction in carbon emissions and a 5.4% decrease in total costs. Furthermore, the participation of flexible loads enhances supply–demand balancing, presenting a transformative solution for achieving high-efficiency and low-carbon operation in IES.

Keywords: the low-carbon economic dispatch; IES; GCT–CET; CPLEX solver; renewable energy incentives (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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