Performance and Environmental Assessment of Palm Oil–Coffee Husk Biodiesel Blends in a Dual-Fuel Diesel Engine Operating with Hydroxy

Jovanny Rafael Duque, Fabio Bermejo-Altamar, Jorge Duarte-Forero () and Brando Hernández-Comas
Additional contact information
Jovanny Rafael Duque: Departamento de Energía, Universidad de la Costa CUC, Calle 58 Número 55-66, Barranquilla 080002, Atlántico, Colombia
Fabio Bermejo-Altamar: Departamento de Energía, Universidad de la Costa CUC, Calle 58 Número 55-66, Barranquilla 080002, Atlántico, Colombia
Jorge Duarte-Forero: KAI Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8–49, Puerto Colombia 081001, Atlántico, Colombia
Brando Hernández-Comas: Departamento de Energía, Universidad de la Costa CUC, Calle 58 Número 55-66, Barranquilla 080002, Atlántico, Colombia

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 15, 1-28

Abstract: This research analyzes the influence of hydroxy on pure diesel and blends of palm oil and coffee husk biodiesel with percentages of 15% and 20%. The experimental tests were carried out in a stationary diesel engine, where the torque and speed varied from 3–7 Nm and 3000–3600 rpm. Hydroxy was used as a secondary fuel with a volumetric flow injection of 4 and 8 lpm. The injection of hydroxy can reduce the BSFC and increase the BTE of the engine when running on pure diesel and biodiesel blends. The results show a maximum decrease of 11.66%, 11.28%, and 10.94% in BSFC when hydroxy is injected into D100, D85P10C5, and D80P10C10 fuels. In the case of BTE, maximum increases of 13.37%, 12.84%, and 12.34% were obtained for the above fuels. The fuels D100 + 8 lpm, D85P10C5 + 8 lpm, and D80P10C10 + 8 lpm achieved maximum energy efficiencies of 28.16%, 27.58%, and 27.32%, respectively. In the case of exergy efficiency, maximum values of 26.39%, 25.83%, and 25.58% were obtained. The environmental and social costs of CO, CO 2 , and HC emissions are significantly reduced with the addition of hydroxy in pure diesel and biodiesel blends from palm oil and coffee husk. The injection of a volumetric flow rate of 8 l/min results in reductions of 11.66%, 10.61%, and 10.94% in operational cost when the engine is fueled with D100, D85P10C5, and D80P10C10, respectively, complying with standards essential for safe engine operation. In general, the research conducted indicates that hydroxy injection is a viable alternative for reducing fuel consumption and improving engine efficiency when using biodiesel blends made from palm oil and coffee husk.

Keywords: engine; operational cost; efficiency; emissions; hydroxy; palm oil; coffee husk (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/3914/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/3914/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:15:p:3914-:d:1707591

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().